Identification of the technical and medical requirements for HEMS avalanche rescue missions through a 15-year retrospective analysis in a HEMS in Switzerland: a necessary step for quality improvement - Kottmann, A.; Carron, P. N.; Theiler, L.; Albrecht, R.; Tissi, M.; Pasquier, M. (Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 2018)
BACKGROUND: Avalanche rescues mostly rely on helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) and include technical rescue and complex medical situations under difficult conditions. The adequacy of avalanche victim management has been shown to be unexpectedly low, suggesting the need for quality improvement. We analyse the technical rescue and medical competency requirements of HEMS crewmembers for avalanche rescue missions, as well as their clinical exposure. The study aims to identify areas that should be the focus of future quality improvement efforts. METHODS: This 15-year retrospective study of avalanche rescue by the Swiss HEMS Rega includes all missions where at least one patient had been caught by an avalanche, found within 24 h of the alarm being raised, and transported. RESULTS: Our analyses included 422 missions (596 patients). Crews were frequently confronted with technical rescue aspects, including winching (29%) and patient location and extrication (48%), as well as multiple casualty accidents (32%). Forty-seven percent of the patients suffered potential or overt vital threat; 29% were in cardiac arrest. The on-site medical management of the victims required a large array of basic and advanced medical skills. Clinical exposure was low, as 56% of the physicians were involved in only one avalanche rescue mission over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide a solid baseline measure and valuable starting point for improving our understanding of the challenges encountered during avalanche rescue missions. We further suggest QI interventions, that might be immediately useful for HEMS operating under similar settings. A coordinated approach using a consensus process to determine quality indicators and a minimal dataset for the specific setting of avalanche rescue would be the logical next step.
Keywords: journalArticle; *Avalanches; *Quality Improvement; Adult; Air Ambulances/*organization & administration; Avalanche; Clinical exposure; Emergency Medical Services/*organization & administration; Female; Hems; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mission; Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and; Quality improvement; Requirements; Rescue; Retrospective Studies; Switzerland; Switzerland). CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The; Technical rescue; authors declare that they have no competing interests PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer; data by the medical director of Rega-Swiss Air Ambulance. As only anonymous data; institutional affiliations; local ethic committee (Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton of Vaud,; were available for this research, we were exempted from a formal agreement by the